Asphalt surfaces are durable but face a constant barrage of elements that can wear them down. Sun, rain, traffic, and chemicals all contribute to pavement deterioration over time. Even the most well-laid asphalt can develop cracks, potholes, and other damage that require costly repairs without proper protection. That is where asphalt sealers come into play. Understanding how these sealers work can help protect your investment and ensure your pavement remains in top condition for years.
What Is Asphalt Sealing?
Asphalt sealing is the protective coating applied to asphalt pavement to extend its life and enhance its appearance. Asphalt is naturally porous, making it susceptible to damage from water, UV rays, and chemicals. This porosity can lead to cracks and surface degradation, especially in areas with heavy traffic or harsh weather conditions. Sealing the asphalt helps fill these pores, creating a smooth, impenetrable surface that resists wear and tear. Understanding the necessity of sealing can help property owners better maintain their pavement and avoid costly repairs.
The Science Behind Asphalt Sealers
The science behind asphalt sealers lies in their chemical composition. Sealers are typically made from a blend of water, asphalt, polymers, and other additives. When applied to the pavement, these ingredients form a protective barrier that shields the underlying asphalt from environmental damage. This barrier prevents water from seeping into the asphalt, where it can cause cracks through freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, sealers block harmful UV rays that can oxidize and weaken the asphalt, leading to brittleness and cracks. Knowing how sealers work on a molecular level lets you choose the most effective product for your pavement.
Benefits of Asphalt Sealers
Asphalt sealers offer more than just surface protection; they preserve the longevity and appearance of your pavement. Applying a sealer can prevent costly damages caused by water, UV rays, and chemical spills. These benefits not only maintain the structural integrity of your pavement but also enhance its overall aesthetic appeal.
Protection from Water Damage
Water is one of the most damaging elements to asphalt surfaces. When water penetrates the pavement, it can cause the asphalt to expand and contract, leading to cracks. Over time, these cracks can widen, allowing more water to infiltrate and further damage the pavement. Sealers protect against this by creating a waterproof barrier that prevents water from seeping into the asphalt. This protection is especially crucial in regions with freeze-thaw cycles, where trapped water can cause significant pavement damage.
Shielding Against UV Radiation
UV radiation from the sun can cause asphalt to oxidize, making it brittle and prone to cracking. Over time, this can lead to significant surface damage and the need for repairs. Asphalt sealers contain UV-blocking agents that shield the pavement from these harmful rays, which helps maintain the pavement’s flexibility and prevent the surface from becoming brittle. This protection not only extends the life of the pavement but also retains its appearance.
Resistance to Chemical Spills
Chemical spills, such as oil and gasoline from vehicles, can weaken the structure of asphalt. These substances can penetrate the pavement, breaking down the asphalt binder and leading to deterioration. Asphalt sealers create a barrier that prevents chemicals from penetrating the pavement, protecting it from damage. This resistance to chemical spills is significant in high-traffic areas where exposure to such substances is likely. Sealers help maintain the structural integrity of the pavement by preventing chemical damage.
Enhancing Aesthetic Appeal
In addition to their protective benefits, asphalt sealers also enhance pavement appearance. Over time, asphalt can fade and lose its rich, dark color due to exposure to the elements. Sealing the asphalt helps restore its original color, giving it a fresh and well-maintained look. It not only improves the curb appeal of your property but can also increase its overall value, making sealing a worthwhile investment.
Types of Asphalt Sealers
Choosing the correct type of asphalt sealer is essential for providing the best protection for your pavement. Each type of sealer offers unique advantages and is suited for different conditions and uses.
Coal Tar Sealers
Coal tar sealers are one of the most traditional asphalt sealers used. They are made from a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process and are known for their durability and chemical resistance. Coal tar sealers are highly effective in protecting against oil spills, gasoline, and other harmful substances, making them a popular choice for commercial properties and areas with heavy vehicle traffic. However, it’s important to note that coal tar sealers have come under scrutiny for their environmental impact, as they contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can harm humans and the environment. While they offer excellent protection, weighing the environmental concerns before choosing this type of sealer is essential.
Asphalt Emulsion Sealers
Asphalt emulsion sealers are a more eco-friendly alternative to coal tar sealers. These sealers combine asphalt, water, and emulsifying agents, creating a less toxic and more environmentally friendly product. Asphalt emulsion sealers provide excellent water resistance and effectively protect against UV damage, making them suitable for residential and commercial use. They are also easier to apply and odor less than coal tar sealers. While they may not offer the same level of chemical resistance as coal tar, their environmental benefits and ease of use make them a popular choice for many property owners.
Acrylic Sealers
Acrylic sealers are a premium option for long-lasting protection and aesthetic enhancement. These sealers are made from acrylic polymers and offer superior UV resistance and excellent color retention, ensuring the pavement remains vibrant and attractive for years. Acrylic sealers are also highly durable and water-resistant, ideal for areas with heavy rainfall or harsh sunlight. However, they tend to be more expensive than other sealers, which may be a consideration for budget-conscious property owners. Despite the higher cost, the long-term benefits of acrylic sealers often justify the investment, particularly for those seeking a high-quality finish.
Gilsonite-Based Sealers
Gilsonite-based sealers are derived from a naturally occurring form of asphalt and are known for their strong adhesive properties. These sealers provide a natural, durable coating that protects against water, UV rays, and chemicals. Gilsonite sealers are often preferred for their ability to bond strongly with asphalt surfaces, ensuring a long-lasting protective layer. They are increasingly popular in commercial settings where durability and performance are critical. While gilsonite-based sealers may not be as widely recognized as other types, their natural composition and effectiveness make them an attractive option for those looking for a more organic approach to asphalt protection.
Application Process of Asphalt Sealers
Proper application of asphalt sealers is as important as selecting the right product. The process involves several critical steps that must be carefully followed to achieve optimal results.
Surface Preparation
The success of asphalt sealing starts with thorough surface preparation. Before applying the sealer, clean the pavement first to remove any dirt, debris, and oil stains that could prevent proper adhesion. It’s also crucial to repair any cracks or potholes in the pavement to ensure a smooth, even surface for the sealer. Weather conditions play a significant role in this process, as the pavement must be dry, and the temperature should be within the recommended range for the sealer to cure properly. Proper preparation is critical to achieving a long-lasting and effective seal that will protect your pavement for years.
Applying the Sealer
Applying asphalt sealer requires the right tools and techniques to ensure even coverage and maximum protection. Depending on the size of the area, the sealer can be applied using a squeegee, brush, or sprayer. You must apply the sealer evenly to avoid streaks or missed spots, which can leave the pavement vulnerable to damage. In high-traffic areas, multiple coats may be necessary to provide adequate protection. The application process may seem straightforward, but attention to detail is critical to ensure the sealer bonds properly with the asphalt and provides the desired level of protection.
Curing Time and Post-Application Care
After the sealer application, give it time to cure before using the pavement again. Depending on the sealer type and weather conditions, the curing process typically takes 24 to 48 hours. During this time, the pavement should be kept free from traffic, as any weight or movement can disrupt the curing process and reduce the effectiveness of the seal. Weather conditions are crucial to curing. Warmer, dry conditions speed up the process, while cool or damp weather can slow it down. Ensuring proper curing is essential to achieve the full benefits of the sealing process and protect your pavement investment.
Debunking Misconceptions About Asphalt Sealers
Many misconceptions surrounding asphalt sealers can lead to poor maintenance practices and suboptimal results. Believing these myths can prevent property owners from making informed decisions about pavement care.
Sealers Are Just Cosmetic
A common misconception is that asphalt sealers are merely cosmetic, enhancing the pavement’s appearance without offering substantial protection. While it’s true that sealers do improve the look of asphalt by restoring its original color and giving it a fresh finish, their benefits go far beyond aesthetics. Sealers protect the pavement from water, UV rays, and chemicals, which can cause significant damage over time. By preventing these elements from penetrating the asphalt, sealers help extend the pavement’s life and reduce the need for costly repairs. So, while sealers enhance appearance, they also protect your investment.
All Sealers Are the Same
Another misconception is that all asphalt sealers offer the same level of protection. Hence, any product will do. That is far from the truth. Asphalt sealers vary significantly in terms of composition, durability, and effectiveness. Choosing the wrong type of sealer for your specific needs can lead to poor results and even accelerate pavement deterioration. For example, a sealer that works well in a residential setting might not be suitable for a commercial parking lot exposed to heavy traffic and chemicals. Knowing the differences between sealer types is essential for selecting the right product to provide the best pavement protection.
Sealing Is a One-Time Process
Many people believe sealing asphalt is a one-time process that doesn’t need repeating. However, asphalt sealing is not a permanent solution; regular maintenance is necessary to keep the pavement in optimal condition. Over time, the protective layer provided by the sealer can wear down due to traffic, weather, and other factors. As a result, sealing should be performed periodically, typically every two to three years, to ensure continued protection. Factors such as the type of sealer used, the traffic, and the climate can all influence how often sealing is needed. Regular sealing helps maintain the pavement’s integrity and prolong its lifespan.
A Path to Longer-Lasting Pavement
Choosing the suitable sealer and applying it correctly can significantly extend the life of your pavement and protect it from the elements. Investing in quality sealing not only saves you money on repairs but also enhances the appearance and value of your property. As technology advances and more eco-friendly options become available, the future of asphalt sealing looks promising, offering even more effective solutions for long-lasting pavement protection.
Learn more about maintaining your concrete and asphalt by checking out our C&H Asphalt blog.